题目：

Stable tin–lead perovskite inks for efficient all-perovskite tandems

作者：

Tianshu Ma^1,9, Yue Zhao^1,9, Jingwei Zhu^2,9, Xinxing Yin^3,9, Yidan An⁴, Cong Chen², Minghui Shang⁵, Huayang Wang¹, Zhanghao Wu¹, Yuhui Liu¹, Chen Chen¹, Yuxiang Guan¹, Jincheng Luo², Jing Zhang⁶, Minghui Li⁷, Chuanxiao Xiao⁷, Fang Yao⁸, Qianqian Lin⁸, Zhenhai Yang¹, Guoyang Cao¹, Changlei Wang^{1, *}, Dewei Zhao^{2, *} & Xiaofeng Li^{1, *}

单位：

1 School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China

2 College of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

3 China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China

4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China

5 Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China

6 Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

7 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

8 School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Abstract：Low-bandgap (LBG, E_g~1.25 eV) tin−lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) holdgreat potentialfor constructing efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs).However, rapid degradation of perovskite precursor solutions, owing to easy oxidation of Sn²⁺, remains a major challenge. Here we elucidate oxidation pathways in Sn-Pbperovskite precursors.We further introduce basic amino acids (BAA)and basic amino acids sulfate (BAAS) as proton scavengers, which stabilise the ink for over 300 days. BAAS neutralizes excess protons to mitigate dimethylsulfoxide-driven oxidation reactions, while sulfate ions coordinate Sn²⁺ to passivate defects and regulate crystallization.The optimized LBG PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.06% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.905 V, enabling two-terminal all-perovskite TSCs with a PCE of 30.24% (certified 29.56%). The BAAS-passivated TSCs retain over85% of their initial performance after 1000 hours of the maximum power point operation under 1-sun illumination.

全钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池因其有望突破单结电池的Shockley-Queisser极限而受到广泛关注，其理论效率可超过40%。其中，窄带隙（约1.25 eV）的锡铅混合钙钛矿子电池是实现高效叠层结构的关键。然而，Sn²⁺极易氧化为Sn⁴⁺，导致前驱体溶液迅速降解，严重影响电池的制备重复性和长期稳定性。尽管已有研究尝试通过还原剂或抗氧化剂抑制Sn²⁺氧化，但这些方法通常只能延缓而非根本解决问题，且溶液中的酸性环境及溶剂DMSO的参与会进一步催化氧化反应。因此，深入揭示Sn-Pb钙钛矿前驱体在空气及惰性环境下的氧化机制，并开发能够长期稳定墨水的策略，是推动该技术商业化的核心挑战。该研究系统揭示了窄带隙Sn-Pb钙钛矿前驱体在空气和氮气手套箱中的氧化路径，发现质子（H⁺）在DMSO催化Sn²⁺氧化过程中起关键作用。为抑制这一过程，该研究引入碱性氨基酸及其硫酸盐（BAAS）作为质子清除剂。BAAS中的氨基中和过量质子，阻断DMSO驱动的氧化循环；硫酸根离子则优先与Sn²⁺配位，钝化缺陷并调控结晶。实验结果表明，BAAS稳定的墨水在存放超过300天后仍保持优异性能。所制备的窄带隙钙钛矿太阳能电池实现了24.06%的光电转换效率和0.905 V的开路电压，进而构建的两端全钙钛矿叠层电池效率高达30.24%（认证效率29.56%）。在1个太阳光照下进行最大功率点追踪1000小时后，BAAS钝化的叠层电池仍保持初始效率的85%以上，展现出卓越的运行稳定性。

影响因子：60.1

分区情况：一区

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-026-02077-8